SANA (Seed)
Sana consists of dried seed of Crotolaria juncea Linn. (Fam. Fabacem), an erect shrubby annual, cultivated nearly throughout the country, and also found wild as an escape.
SYNONYMS
Sansk : Sana, Malya Puspa
Assam : Ausa, Suila
Beng : Shanpat
Eng : Sunnhemp
Guj : Sun, Hemp
Hindi : Sunn, San
Kan : Senabu
Kash : —
Mal : Chanampayaru, Pulivanji
Mar : Sanavu
Ori : Champal Beeja
Punj : Sann
Tam : Sanal
Tel : Giliginta
Urdu : San
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Seed 0.5-0.7 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm wide, flat and compressed, asymmetrically reniform; surface, glossy; colour, olive- green to grey; taste, mucilaginous.
b) Microscopic
Seed shows testa, consisting of palisade like macrosclereids, covered externally by smooth, thick cuticle, followed by single layer of lignified flask shaped cells with intercellular spaces; the tissue beneath, consisting of tangentially elongated, thin-walled, crushed parenchymatous cells; endosperm consisting of an aleurone layer containing aleurone grains and associated parenchymatous cells; cotyledons two, consisting of many layered, thin-walled, compactly arranged parenchymatous cells containing abundant aleurone grains.
Powder – Greyish-yellow; shows polygonal, slightly thick-walled cells of the testa in surface view, beaker or flask shaped cells, palisade like macrosclereids, oval to polygonal, thin walled parenchymatous cells and aleurone grains.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 5.5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 16 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9: 1) shows under U.V. (366 nm) three fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.05 (blue), 0.32 (faint sky blue) and 0.94 (sky blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour eight spots appear at Rf. 0.05, 0.20, 0.26, 0.39, 0.67, 0.74, 0.94 and 0.98 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Phosphomolybdic acid reagent and heating the plate for about ten minutes at 105°C eight spots appear at Rf. 0.05, 0.20, 0.26, 0.39, 0.67, 0.74 (all grey), 0.94 and 0.98 both blue).
CONSTITUENTS – A bitter principle ‘Corchorin’ .
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Amla, Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphahara, Pittahara, Vatahara, Garbh Anulomaka, Vantikrt, Rakta Pravartaka
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Sarsapadi, Pralepa, Dasmuladya Ghrta, Muktadya Curna, Kulatthadya Ghrta
THERAPEUTIC USES – Agnimandya, Jvara, Hrdroga, Mukharoga, Raktadosa, Carma Roga, Timra, Angamarda. Garbhasrabakara
DOSE – 1-3 g. of the drug in powder form.
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